Chii chinonzi vharuvhu?

Kunzwisisa Zvishandiso zveVharuvhu: Chinhu Chinoshamisa cheUinjiniya

Giya revharuvhuinzira inokosha mumainjini emhepo, ine basa rekutonga nguva nekufamba kwemhepo inopinza uye inoburitsa mweya mumasirinda einjini. Basa rayo rakakosha pakuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, simba, uye kushanda zvakanaka mumichina inoshandisa mhepo inoburitsa mweya. Kubva kumainjini emota kusvika kumainjini asingachinji, magiya evharuvhu anomiririra kusangana kunonakidza kwehunyanzvi hwemakanika uye hunyanzvi hweinjiniya.

Nheyo dzeMagetsi eValve

Chinangwa chikuru chegiya revharuvhu ndechekudzora kuyerera kwemhepo inopinda nekubuda mumasirinda einjini. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashandiro maviri akakosha:

1. Kupinda mumhepo ine simba: Kuvhura mavharuvhu kuti mhepo ine simba rakawanda ipinde mu cylinder, ichifambisa piston.
2. Utsi hwemhepo: Kuvhura mavharuvhu kuti ubvise utsi hwakapera, kugadzirira sirinda yekufamba kwenguva inotevera.

Nekubatanidza maitiro aya, magiya evharuvhu anoita kuti injini ishande zvakanaka uye inopa simba rakawanda.

Mhando dzeMagiya eVharuvhu

Mumakore apfuura, magadzirirwo akati wandei emagiya evharuvhu akagadzirwa, rimwe nerimwe richipa mabhenefiti akasiyana. Mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira:

• Stephenson Valve Zvishandiso:Imwe yemhando dzekare uye dzinonyanya kushandiswa, inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo uye kuvimbika kwayo.
• Zvishandiso zveWalschaerts Valve:Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvitima, ichipa kudzora kwakarurama uye kuderedza kupfeka kwezvinhu.
• Zvishandiso zveBaker Valve:Dhizaini inotevera inobvisa zvikamu zvinotsvedza, zvichipa sisitimu yakasimba uye inoshanda.
• Zvishandiso zveCaprotti Valve:Sisitimu yemavharuvhu epombi inoshandiswa mune dzimwe injini dzemazuva ano dzemhepo, ichisimbisa kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedzwa kwekuchengetedza. Giya remavharuvhu epombi

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Masisitimu egiya remavharuvhu mumainjini emhepo anowanzo shandisa magiya espur kana magiya ebevel, zvichienderana nedhizaini chaiyo nechinangwa:

1. Magiya eSpur

Giya reSpur Zvakajairika muzvishandiso zvemavharuvhu zviri nyore apo mazino egiya ari padivi pegiya.
Inoshandiswa kutumira kufamba pakati pemashaft akafanana mumagetsi evharuvhu.
Zvinonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwadzo nyore uye kutapurirana kwakanyatsonaka kwemafambiro.
2. Magiya eBevel
Giya reBevelinoshandiswa kana kufamba kuchida kufambiswa pakati pemashafts nekona, kazhinji madhigirii 90.
Inowanikwa mune mamwe magadzirirwo emagiya emavharuvhu, kunyanya kana kurongeka kweinjini kuchida kudzoserwa kwemafambiro emakona.

3. Magiya eHelical(Hazviwanzo kuwanikwa mumagiya emavharuvhu)

Dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pakushanda zviri nyore uye zvakanyarara, asi isingawanzoitiki nekuda kwekuoma kwayo uye kudhura kwayo.
Kazhinji, magiya ari mumagiya emavharuvhu anonyanya kukosha kusimba uye kuvimbika kupfuura kumhanya, tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa nemainjini emhepo.

Zvikamu uye Mashandiro

Sisitimu yegiya revharuvhu inowanzo sanganisira zvinhu zvakati wandei: tsvimbo dzisingawanzoonekwi, malink, malever, uye mavharuvhu pachawo. Kufamba kwezvikamu izvi kunobva pa crankshaft yeinjini kana mavhiri ekutyaira, zvichiita kuti pave nekuenderana kwakanyatsojeka nekufamba kwepiston. Kugadziriswa kwenguva yevharuvhu kunogonawo kuitwa kuti kugamuchire mitoro yakasiyana-siyana kana mamiriro ekushanda, maitiro anozivikanwa se "notching up" kana "linking."

Basa reKushanda Nekubudirira uye Kushanda

Vharuvhugiya Zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini. Kushanda kwenguva kwayo kunoderedza kutambisa kwemhepo uye kunoita kuti injini ishande zvakanaka. Mainjiniya vanowanzoedza mavharuvhu akasiyana-siyana kuti vawedzere simba rinobuda uku vachideredza kushandiswa kwemafuta nemvura.

Nhaka uye Kukosha Kwemazuva Ano

Kunyange zvazvo mainjini emhepo yakatsiviwa zvakanyanya neinjini dzinopisa mukati uye mota dzemagetsi, magiya evharuvhu achiri chinhu chinodiwa muzvidzidzo zvekuchengetedza nhoroondo uye zveinjiniya. Njanji dzakawanda dzekare nevanoda kuchengetedza nhaka iyi nekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa maroketi emhepo nedhizaini dzakasiyana dzemagiya evharuvhu.