China inyika huru yekugadzira, kunyanya inosundwa nefungu rekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, maindasitiri ane chekuita nekugadzira eChina akawana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Muindasitiri yemuchina, magiya ndiwo akanyanya kukosha uye akakosha zvinhu zvakakosha, ayo anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehupfumi hwenyika. Kusimukira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina kwafambisa kufambira mberi nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yegiya.

Parizvino, yakazvimirira innovation yave iyo huru dingindira regiya indasitiri, uye yakaunzawo munguva yekuchinja. Mazuvano, kugadzira zvine hungwaru kwave mutemo mutsva unosimudzirwa nenyika. Iyo indasitiri yegiya ine hunhu hwekumisikidza uye mabheti makuru, uye zviri nyore kuona shanduko kune hungwaru kutungamira. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti dambudziko hombe remabhizinesi ekugadzira magiya azvino iko kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kushandura maitiro ekugadzira uye kugadzirisa mwero wefekitori otomatiki.

Chekutanga, chimiro chekusimudzira cheindasitiri yegiya yeChina

Indasitiri yegiya ndiyo yekutanga indasitiri yeChina yekugadzira michina indasitiri. Iyo ine yakakwira dhigirii rekudyidzana kwemaindasitiri, kunyura kwakasimba kwebasa, uye yakakura tekinoroji capital. Icho chivimbiso chakakosha cheindasitiri yekugadzira michina kuti iwane kukwidziridzwa kwemaindasitiri uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji.

Mushure memakore makumi matatu ebudiriro, indasitiri yegiya yeChina yakabatanidzwa zvizere mutsigiro yepasirese, uye yakagadzira iyo yakazara maindasitiri system pasirese. Iyo yakaziva kare shanduko kubva kumucheto-kumagumo kusvika pakati-kumagumo, giya tekinoroji system uye giya tekinoroji standard system yakaumbwa. Midhudhudhu, mota, magetsi emhepo uye maindasitiri emuchina wekuvaka ndiwo ari kufambisa kusimudzira indasitiri yemagiya emunyika yangu. Inotungamirwa neaya maindasitiri ane hukama, huwandu hwemari yeindasitiri yegiya inoratidza kukurumidza kukura maitiro, uye chiyero cheindasitiri yegiya chiri kuramba chichiwedzera. Dhata rinoratidza kuti muna 2016, kukosha kwemusika kuburitsa kweindasitiri yegiya renyika yangu yaive 230 bhiriyoni yuan, chinzvimbo chekutanga pasirese. Muna 2017, kukosha kwekubuda kwezvigadzirwa zvegiya kwakasvika 236 bhiriyoni yuan, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe7.02%, kuverengera kunosvika 61% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekubuda kwezvikamu zvemagetsi.

Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, indasitiri yegiya inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: magiya emotokari, magiya eindasitiri uye giya-chaiwo michina; mota giya chigadzirwa mashandisirwo anosanganisira akasiyana mota, midhudhudhu, michina yekuvaka, michina yekurima uye mota dzemauto, nezvimwe; maindasitiri giya chigadzirwa mashandisirwo, Iyo minda yemagiya emaindasitiri inosanganisira yemugungwa, migodhi, simbi, ndege, simba remagetsi, nezvimwe.

Mumusika mukuru wegiya weChina, chikamu chemusika wegiya remotokari chinosvika 62%, uye magiya emaindasitiri anoita 38%. Pakati pavo, magiya emotokari anotora makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana emagiya emotokari, kureva kuti, makumi matatu nesere muzana emusika wegiya, uye mamwe magiya emotokari anoenderana nemagiya ese. 24% yemusika.

Kubva pamaonero ekugadzira, kune anopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvekugadzira giya mabhizinesi, anopfuura chiuru emabhizinesi pamusoro pehukuru hwakatarwa, uye anopfuura mazana matatu emakumi matatu emabhizinesi. Zvinoenderana negiredhi rezvigadzirwa zvegiya, chikamu chepamusoro, chepakati uye chakaderera-yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa chingangoita 35%, 35% uye 30%;

Panyaya yerutsigiro rwemitemo, “National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline (2006-2020)”, “Plan for Adjustment and Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry”, “Gumi Nemashanu-Yegore Plan for Machinery Basic Parts, Basic Manufacturing Technology uye Basic Materials Indasitiri” “Development Plan” uye “Nhungamidzo dzeKuitwa kweIndustrial Strong Foundation Projects (2016-2020)” dzakaburitswa zvakatevedzana, izvo zvakaita basa guru mukusimudzira giya tekinoroji uye tsvakiridzo yechigadzirwa nekusimudzira uye. maindasitiri avo.

Kubva pamaonero evatengi, magiya anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzakasiyana siyana, midhudhudhu, mota dzekurima, midziyo yekugadzira magetsi, metallurgical zvivakwa zvekuvaka, michina yekuvaka, ngarava, njanji yekufambisa njanji uye marobhoti. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoda kurongeka kwepamusoro uye kwepamusoro, kuvimbika, kutapurirana zvakanaka uye hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi yegiya uye magiya magiya. Kubva pakuona kwekukosha kwegiya (kusanganisira midziyo yegiya), magiya akasiyana emotokari anodarika makumi matanhatu muzana, uye mamwe magiya anokwana pasi pe40%. Muna 2017, vagadziri vemotokari vakasiyana-siyana vakagadzira uye vakatengesa mota dzinosvika mamirioni makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, dzakashongedzerwa nemanyorero ekufambisa, otomatiki transmissions, maekisi ekutyaira uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvegiya zvinosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mana emadhora. Muna 2017, 126.61GW yemagetsi ichangobva kuiswa simba yakawedzerwa munyika yose. Pakati pazvo, 45.1GW yemagetsi anopisa akaiswa simba, 9.13GW yehydropower yakaiswa simba, 16.23GW yegridi-yakabatana nemhepo yemhepo, 53.99GW yegridi-yakabatana nesolar simba, uye 2.16GW yesimba renyukireya yakaiswa simba ichangobva kuwedzerwa. Midziyo yekugadzira magetsi iyi ine zvigadzirwa zvegiya senge-inowedzera-inowedzera magiya mabhokisi uye zvinoderedza mabhiriyoni emayuan.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nerutsigiro rwemitemo uye mari, kugona kwekuvandudza kweindasitiri kwakasimudzirwa zvakanyanya. Mamwe mabhizinesi anotungamira muindastiri akagadzira mapuratifomu eR&D akadai senyika dzebhizinesi tekinoroji nzvimbo, bhizinesi postdoctoral workstations, academician workstations, uye mabhizinesi ekutsvagisa masangano, achiisa hwaro hwekuvandudza. Nhamba yemvumo yemvumo yepamusoro uye yepamusoro-soro, kunyanya nhamba yezvinyorwa zvekugadzira yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Mabhindauko makuru akaitwa mubudiriro yesainzi uye tekinoroji, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira yezvigadzirwa zvemagiya epamusoro senge hombe-module yakaoma-mazino racks, hombe-inorema-basa repuraneti magiya mabhokisi, uye 8AT otomatiki kutumira kweTatu Gorges ngarava inosimudza. yasvika padanho repamusoro repasi rose. Mabhizinesi akasiyana anotarisa pane akasiyana masimidhi ekushandisa zvinoenderana neawo maitiro uye zvakanakira. Bhizinesi rimwe chete rinotora chikamu chidiki chechikamu chemusika wese, uye musika wegiya wemumba wakaderera.

2. Iyo ramangwana rekusimudzira maitiro eiyo giya indasitiri

Electrification, kuchinjika, hungwaru uye huremu huremu ndiwo maitiro ekusimudzira ezvigadzirwa zvemangwana, ari ese ari matambudziko nemikana yemakambani egiya echinyakare.

Electrification: Kuiswa kwemagetsi kunounza matambudziko kune yechinyakare giya kutapurirana. Dambudziko raunounza nderekuti: kune rimwe divi, iyo yechinyakare giya kufambisa inokwidziridzwa kune yakapfava uye yakareruka chimiro nekumhanya kwakanyanya, yakaderera ruzha, kushanda kwepamusoro, kunyatsojeka uye hupenyu hurefu. Kune rimwe divi, inotarisana nekuputswa kwemagetsi akananga dhiraivha pasina kufambisa kwegiya. Naizvozvo, echinyakare makambani ekutapurirana giya haafanire kungodzidza maitiro ekuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zvemagetsi ekudzora ruzha rwekufambiswa kwegiya pakumhanya kwepamusoro-soro (≥15000rpm), kutora mikana yekukura kwemafambisirwo matsva anogadzirwa nekukura kuri kuputika kwemagetsi. motokari, asiwo nyatsoteerera kune ramangwana. Iyo shanduko yekutyisidzira yegearless yemagetsi yakananga dhiraivha tekinoroji uye electromagnetic transmission tekinoroji kune yechinyakare giya kufambisa uye giya indasitiri.

Kuchinjika: Mune ramangwana, kukwikwidza kwemusika kunowedzera kunakidza, uye kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa kunowanzo kuve kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuitirwa munhu, asi kudiwa kwechigadzirwa chimwe chete kunogona kunge kusiri kukuru. Seyakakosha indasitiri muindasitiri yekugadzira, iyo indasitiri yegiya inofanirwa kutarisana neminda yakawanda yakadzika. Kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kwakasiyana uye kugona kunoisa mberi kwepamusoro zvinodiwa. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti mabhizinesi atange inochinjika yekugadzira sisitimu yekupedzisa batch yekugadzira mabasa emhando dzakasiyana kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwemidziyo pamutsetse wakafanana wekugadzira, uyo usingangosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana, asi zvakare kuderedza kuderera kwemidziyo. assembly line uye inoona inochinjika kugadzirwa. , kuvaka iyo yakakosha kukwikwidza kwemabhizinesi.

Intelligentization: Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwekudzora tekinoroji pamichina kunoita kuti muchina ushande; iyo yakazara mashandisirwo ekutonga tekinoroji, ruzivo rwekutaurirana tekinoroji, uye network tekinoroji inoita kuti michina nekugadzira kuve nehungwaru. Kumabhizinesi echinyakare ekugadzira magiya, dambudziko nderekuti ungaite sei njere engineering yemagetsi, engineering yemagetsi, control tekinoroji, network tekinoroji uye kubatanidzwa.

Chiremuremu: Zvikareruka uye zvakakura-simba zvinhu, kuderedzwa kwehuremu uye kugadziridzwa kwepamusoro uye kusimba kunoda kudyidzana kweindasitiri uye tekinoroji yekunyepedzera.